The Historical Georgian National Museum, also known as the Simon Janashiya Museum of Georgia, is a captivating complex of buildings located in the vibrant city of Tbilisi. The main section, housing the museum’s extensive collection, is situated on Rustaveli Street within a stunning three-story structure that exemplifies traditional Georgian architectural style.
Established in 1825 by the Department of the Russian Imperial Geographic Society, the museum has weathered numerous challenges throughout its history. It has endured a devastating fire, undergone several name changes, and experienced a significant relocation. In 1921, following the Bolshevik takeover, the entire collection was transported to Europe, only to return in 1945. A pivotal moment in the museum’s evolution occurred on December 30, 2005, when thirteen individual museums unified to form a comprehensive institution, including notable establishments such as:
The museum boasts a remarkable collection of artifacts spanning various periods and epochs, showcasing the rich tapestry of Georgian culture from the Bronze Age (3500-1200 B.C.) to the 20th century. Visitors can explore an impressive array of items that highlight the essence of Caucasian national heritage.
The first floor is dedicated to Georgia’s ancient history, featuring invaluable artifacts uncovered during excavations at the Trialeti burial mounds, dating back to the 2nd century B.C. Among the treasures are exquisite metal vessels—primarily crafted from gold and silver—ceramic pieces, and intricate jewelry. One standout item, a golden cup adorned with vibrant gems and geometric patterns, has gained international acclaim. Additionally, the museum displays weaponry and a collection of coins from the 5th and 6th centuries, alongside works of ancient artisans, clothing from various eras, textiles, and carpets.
Among the fascinating finds is the fossil of the hominid Homo ergaster, scientifically dated to be approximately 1.8 million years old. This discovery represents the oldest evidence of human existence outside of Africa, as all other fossils of similar age have been found exclusively within the African continent. Another significant highlight is the collection of Urartian inscriptions on stone, which forms a unique exhibition in its own right.
The Museum of the so called ‘Soviet Occupation’ occupies the second and third floors of the building, and entry to this section is included in the general admission ticket.
The museum’s expansive and inviting layout provides visitors with a comprehensive understanding of the fascinating, ancient, and culturally rich history of the