Jami Mosque (Koshkar-Ata)

The Jami Mosque, officially named after Dauytuly Shyngysbai Khaji, is the oldest mosque in Shymkent, nestled in the Old Town district near the Shymkent Citadel. Its architecture may seem modest compared to other sacred sites: a single-story brick building with low minarets and a small courtyard. The exterior is simple, featuring plain golden domes with no Arabic script or decorative patterns on the façade, making it easy to overlook among taller buildings. Yet, this simplicity only enhances its sentimental value, as locals describe it as a soulful and beloved landmark. Jami Mosque has preserved its original form over the years, with its carefully crafted brick walls, delicate arches, creaky wooden stairs, and old beams. The interior still features traditional ornamental designs from its earliest days.

The exact founding date of the mosque remains uncertain. Some sources claim it was established in the early 19th century, while others suggest it was built closer to the century’s end. According to the first account, a sociological survey conducted in 1913 indicated that the mosque was built in 1823, following the Kokand forces’ victory and occupation of the city. It was reportedly funded by the wealthy Dostmukhamedov brothers, who financed the project entirely and brought architects from Kokand.

A second version, however, attributes its construction to the order of Mirza-Akhmed Kushbegi, the head of the Tashkent district in the late 19th century, who was known for advocating religious education and supporting the construction of mosques and madrasahs. If true, this would place the mosque’s origin between 1853 and 1859, aligning with the establishment of one of Shymkent’s oldest markets, the Upper Market, in 1856. During the Soviet period, the mosque served as a military barracks and was popularly called “Koshkar Ata.”

Regardless of its origin, Shymkent became home to a unique structure from the Kokand era. Visitors are often struck by Jami’s distinct Ferghana Valley style and its somewhat medieval atmosphere. The mosque is built in the ayvan style—an open terrace design common to Central Asian mosques suited for the hot, dry climate. Jami Mosque is the only mosque of this style in Kazakhstan.

Visitors to this sacred place may be surprised to see cats wandering freely throughout the mosque grounds. In Islamic tradition, cats are considered pure animals, so they are allowed to enter religious buildings. Cleanliness is a top requirement for entering the mosque, as is modest attire.