Khazrati-Bobo Architectural Complex

Near the town of Penjikent, in the Sogd region, lies the Khazrati-Bobo architectural complex, also known as the Chorku Mausoleum, located in the village of Chorku in Isfara. This sacred site is a unique collection of religious structures and historical buildings, each constructed at different times but united by a singular feature: all the buildings face north.

The heart of this complex is the mausoleum dedicated to a revered holy man, whose identity varies according to local tradition. He is referred to by various names, such as «Khast-i-Podsokh,» «Khast-i-Amir,» and «Amir Hamza Sokhibkiron»—with «Sokhibkiron» translating to «Master of a Fortunate Alignment of Stars.» According to local legend, the mausoleum was constructed overnight to serve as the final resting place for the saint Khazrati-Bobo, also known as Amir Hamza Sohibkiron, the legendary king, commander, and hero.

This site is not only significant for its religious and cultural heritage but also for its architectural uniqueness, representing a rare example of medieval design. The complex is composed of two distinct types of structures. The oldest building, dating back to the 10th to 12th centuries, is a wooden mausoleum (mazar) featuring an aivan—a traditional open canopy supported by carved wooden columns adorned with intricate Kufi inscriptions and ornamental carvings. Seven carved wooden columns, each crafted from a single tree trunk, support the structure. These columns stand at 2.5 meters tall and are embellished with diverse patterns and motifs, including floral, geometric, and zoomorphic designs. The carvings also feature unusual creatures resembling a blend of birds, snakes, and fish, which might symbolize the Tajiks’ ancient beliefs in reincarnation.

The mausoleum has two entrances: the northern entrance bears inscriptions from the Quran, as well as the date of restoration—1321 of the Hijra (1903-1904)—above it. This door is fitted with a decorative lattice, behind which believers would observe religious rituals. The second entrance, located on the southwest side, was designated for the sheikh. At the center of the room lies the tomb of the «holy man,» a place of deep reverence for pilgrims and visitors alike.

The second type of structure within the Khazrati-Bobo complex dates from the 18th to 19th centuries and includes a room with a four-columned aivan adjacent to the mausoleum. The walls and ceiling of this room are beautifully painted and decorated, and it is believed that this space was used by pilgrims as a resting place. It also served as a venue for religious rituals, including khudoi (sacrificial offerings).

In the courtyard of the complex stands a wooden minaret, shaped like a three-tiered tower. The entire complex is enclosed by a mud-brick wall, giving it the air of an ancient fortress. According to the accounts of the oldest local residents, the yard of the mazar once functioned as a cemetery. However, in the mid-20th century, most of the graves were leveled after several worshippers fell into the grave pits while visiting the mosque.