Il-Arslan Mausoleum

The Mausoleum of Il-Arslan, erected over the grave of one of the most prominent Khwarezmshahs, Il-Arslan, stands as the oldest surviving structure in Urgench, the historic capital of Khwarezm.

Il-Arslan, also known as Taj ad-Din Il-Arslan, was a notable Khwarezmshah from the Bekdili tribe, ruling from 1156 to 1172. He ascended to the throne following the death of his father, Khwarezmshah Ala ad-Din Atsiz. During the 1160s, Il-Arslan expanded Khwarezm’s territory by incorporating the region of Dehistan and its surroundings. In 1172, his forces successfully repelled a campaign by the Kara-Khitan against Khwarezm. Shortly after, Il-Arslan passed away, and his memory was immortalized with the construction of this mausoleum in the latter half of the 12th century, renowned for its exquisite main facade.

The mausoleum features a cubic base topped by a twelve-sided prism and a dome resembling a twelve-sided tent. This architectural form is unique in Central Asia. The square structure is aligned with the cardinal directions, with its main facade facing east. The overall height of the mausoleum’s interior is double that of its walls.