People of Turkmenistan

Historically, the Turkmen engaged in a combination of irrigated agriculture and nomadic pastoralism. Their semi-nomadic lifestyle was characterized by a division of labor between settled farmers and nomadic herders. Western Turkmen primarily focused on livestock, including sheep, camels, and horses, while those in the oases practiced farming, cultivating wheat, sorghum, melons, and cotton, alongside animal husbandry. By the mid-19th century, carpet and silk weaving had also become prominent crafts within Turkmen society.

The Turkmen have maintained a strong sense of cultural identity through their traditional lifestyle. Their unique customs and practices are evident in various aspects of daily life. Traditional dwellings known as yurts continue to be used, especially in rural and seasonal pastures. This portable, round tent is a symbol of Turkmen heritage and practicality in a harsh climate.

Traditional clothing remains an important aspect of Turkmen identity. In rural areas, it is common to see people wearing woolen hats and long, quilted robes, while women often don long silk dresses and striped trousers, with their hair covered by light scarves. This attire is not only culturally significant but also well-suited to the region’s hot and arid climate.

The predominant religion among Turkmen is Sunni Islam, practiced by about 89% of the population. Despite the strong influence of Islam, tribal and clan affiliations play a crucial role in social organization. This traditional structure is particularly significant in rural areas, where tribal connections often take precedence over religious affiliations. Even in urban settings, people often maintain strong ties to their tribal groups, highlighting the enduring importance of these social bonds.