Turkmenistan’s religious history is marked by a diverse array of beliefs that have shaped its cultural landscape. Historically, the region was home to Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, and Christianity, common throughout Central Asia. However, since the 7th and 8th centuries, following the Arab conquest, Islam has become the predominant religion in the country.
Today, the majority of Muslims in Turkmenistan practice Sunni Islam, specifically the Hanafi school of thought. There is also a smaller community of Shia Muslims, primarily consisting of individuals of Iranian descent. Sufism, a mystical and philosophical branch of Islam, plays a significant role in Turkmen society. This tradition, known for its emphasis on metaphysical exploration and the pursuit of divine knowledge through mystical love, has profoundly influenced Turkmen literature, arts, and even its political life.
In the 20th century, a notable European community established itself in Turkmenistan. This group includes Orthodox Christians, Roman Catholics, and Lutherans, adding to the religious diversity of the country. The state supports various religious practices, with Orthodox and Catholic churches operating alongside other faiths.
