Turkmenistan stands out as a unique destination with its rich history and remarkable natural landscapes. This country, historically linked with its neighbors through the Great Silk Road, still holds remnants of its glorious past. Turkmenistan’s vast deserts, striking mountains, and picturesque oases are complemented by the intricate artistry of local carpets and the elegance of purebred Akhal-Teke horses. For an unforgettable experience, explore these top ten must-see attractions in Turkmenistan.
Ride an Akhal-Teke Horse
The Akhal-Teke horse is a symbol of national pride in Turkmenistan, renowned for its beauty, speed, and grace. These horses, historically used in warfare, are now celebrated for their prowess in racing and showjumping. Known for their striking appearance, they often bear names inspired by birds of prey like the falcon and eagle. To fully appreciate the Akhal-Teke, visit the hippodrome in Ashgabat to watch their performances or visit a stud farm where you can interact with these majestic animals and even take a ride. Souvenirs featuring the Akhal-Teke make for a special keepsake.
See the Dinosaur Tracks at Dinosaur Plateau
The Dinosaur Plateau in eastern Turkmenistan is a world-renowned site for dinosaur footprints. Spanning the size of four football fields, this limestone slab showcases tracks from various dinosaurs including Megalosaurus, Iguanodon, and Tyrannosaurus. Among the fascinating finds are footprints that resemble a human’s size 43 shoe, adding to the mystery of this site. The sheer scale and the well-preserved tracks make this a must-see for anyone interested in prehistoric life.
Explore Yangikala Canyon
Yangikala Canyon, once a seabed, now features dramatic cliffs carved by wind and rain. This awe-inspiring landscape is known for its vibrant colors that change with the time of day. By day, the canyon’s rocks appear white, while at sunset they glow a fiery red, earning the nickname «Fire Fortresses.» Yangikala is perfect for hiking, camping, and reflecting in a tranquil setting. Despite its beauty, it is not commonly included in standard tour packages, so consider making special arrangements to visit this extraordinary destination.
Visit the “Gates of Hell” at Darvaza
The Darvaza Gas Crater, commonly known as the «Gates of Hell,» is a surreal attraction born from an accidental discovery in 1971. When a gas cavern collapsed, geologists ignited the gas to prevent toxic emissions, expecting the fire to extinguish in a few days. However, the flames have been burning continuously ever since. The 20-meter-deep crater, with its towering flames, creates an eerie and captivating sight, especially as it illuminates the surrounding desert at night.
Discover the Ancient City of Old Nisa
Old Nisa, a Parthian fortress and UNESCO site near Ashgabat, was once the capital of the Parthian Empire. Dating back to 3 BC, this site features impressive remnants of the fortress, including massive walls and 43 rectangular towers. The architecture reflects a blend of Greek, Roman, and Eastern influences. While much of Old Nisa’s splendor has faded, its historical significance and architectural marvels continue to captivate visitors.
Marvel at Ashgabat’s Modern Marvels
After a devastating earthquake in 1948, Ashgabat was rebuilt into a modern metropolis characterized by its white marble buildings. Today, the city boasts stunning palaces, fountains, and wide boulevards. Notable places to visit include the Altyn Asyr Bazaar and the Gulistan Trade Center, where you can enjoy local cuisine and shop for traditional goods. The city’s transformation into a marble-clad modern marvel offers a stark contrast to its historical sites.
Explore the Turkmen Carpet Museum
Turkmenistan is renowned for its exquisite carpets, and a visit to the Turkmen Carpet Museum in Ashgabat is a must for understanding this craft. The museum showcases a vast collection of carpets, from historical pieces to the world’s largest modern carpet measuring 301 square meters. You’ll learn about the unique patterns of each Turkmen tribe and the legends woven into the designs. For those interested in souvenirs, handwoven carpets and traditional telpak hats are excellent choices.
Uncover the History of Kunya-Urgench
Kunya-Urgench, once the capital of Northern Khorezm, offers a glimpse into its prosperous past as a major medieval trade center. Despite suffering from Mongol invasions and natural changes, several impressive structures remain, including the Khorezm Shakh Tekesh Mausoleum and the Kutlug Timur Minaret, which was once the tallest building in Central Asia. The historical and architectural significance of Kunya-Urgench makes it a fascinating destination.
Explore the Ancient Oasis of Merv
Merv, an ancient oasis town, played a crucial role in the region’s history. Mentioned in the Avesta and flourishing under Parthian and Seljuk rule, Merv was a major center of culture and architecture before its destruction by the Mongols. The ruins of Merv, including Erk-Kala, Gyaur-Kala, and Sultan-Kala, reflect various historical periods. The Sultan Sanjar Mausoleum, with its distinctive dome, and artifacts displayed in the Mary museum, are highlights of this UNESCO World Heritage site.
Indulge in Turkmen Melons
Turkmenistan takes great pride in its melons, with around 430 varieties grown throughout the year. From the small Dessemaya to the large Myhmansovar, Turkmen melons are celebrated for their flavor and nutritional benefits. They are enjoyed fresh, as well as in jams, juices, and dried fruit. During the annual Melon Day (Gawun Bayramy) in August, farmers showcase their best melons, and it’s an excellent opportunity to sample a variety of these delicious fruits.
These top ten activities highlight the unique blend of history, culture, and natural beauty that make Turkmenistan a captivating destination for travelers.
Visit ancient city of Merv
Explore UNESCO-listed Old Nisa
Marvel at Darvaza Gas Crater
See Akhalteke horses up close
Tour Ashgabat’s white marble buildings