All foreign visitors need visa to enter Turkmenistan. This visa can be obtained either in advance from a Turkmenistan embassy or consulate or, in some cases, at the border upon arrival.
When planning a visit to Turkmenistan, you should consider applying for one of two types of visas: a tourist visa or a transit visa. To obtain a tourist visa, you must arrange a tour through an authorized travel agency. On the other hand, if you’re applying for a transit visa, you do not need to have a tour arranged.
More information on Turkmen visa regime you can find here.
There is an option to obtain a tourist visa on arrival at the border in case you secured a LOI from the travel agency. Once your travel agency has provided you with the LOI and authorization code, this document will be emailed to you. Upon arrival at the border, you can present this document to receive your visa. The visa on arrival is typically valid for 10 days, with the possibility of extension based on the length of your tour booking. Your guide will assist with the visa issuance process upon your arrival.
It is essential to note that transit visas cannot be obtained upon arrival at Ashgabat airport or at other land borders; they must be secured from Turkmenistan’s embassies or consulates prior to travel.
A Letter of Invitation, often referred to as an LOI or Visa Support Letter, is an essential document for individuals applying for a visa to visit another country. This letter is typically prepared by travel agencies and must receive the endorsement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Here’s how the process works: The travel agency handling your visit will submit a visa application on your behalf to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Ministry then thoroughly reviews the application. It’s important to note that the Ministry has the authority to reject any application without the obligation to provide a reason for the denial.
Once the application is approved, your travel agency will email you an official LOI and authorization code, this document will be needed to get visa sticker to your passport either in Embassy or at border points.
As part of our tour package services, we offer visa support at no additional charge. However, please be aware that you will still be responsible for the consular fees at the embassy or consulate, which vary from $50 to $200 based on your nationality and the intended length of your visit.
Consular fee – money charged by consulate or embassy to issue a visa. The cost of a visa for Turkmenistan varies depending on nationality. For most travelers, the fee is around $85. However, UK nationals face a higher charge of $115, and Russian passport holders can expect to pay even more, often up to $155. It’s important to bring clean, fresh, and new dollar bills for payment, whether at the embassy or at the border.
In addition to the visa cost, travelers arriving in Turkmenistan will need to pay $33 for a PCR test, plus additional fees for the visa sticker and the process of affixing it to the passport.
Due to fluctuating pricing, the exact amount can vary; some travelers may be charged slightly more or less. Russian nationals generally face the highest visa costs. In contrast, visas for Kazakh citizens cost $60, and for Uzbek citizens, the fee is $80.
Children also require a separate visa, which costs $15 for children of up to 7 years, and half the standard fee for the adult for children between 7 to 16 years old.
Should you consider a trip to Turkmenistan? If you’re asking yourself this question, it likely means you have a curiosity about exploring this unique country. To make a well-informed decision, it’s helpful to weigh both the advantages and disadvantages.
One of the major drawbacks is the difficulty in obtaining a visa. Additionally, Turkmenistan lacks reliable internet, offers limited recreational activities typical of resorts, and can be quite expensive.
On the other hand, Turkmenistan boasts unique attractions such as the burning gas crater at Darvaza and the white marble city of Ashgabat. It also provides a chance to disconnect from the internet and enjoy a country where there is no language barrier. For those with specific interests, the country offers a rich experience: history and archaeology enthusiasts will find it captivating, carpet collectors will be excited by the intricate Turkmen designs, and horse breeders will be impressed by the grace of the Akhal-Teke horses. Moreover, seasoned travelers can take pride in having visited one of the world’s most isolated countries.
The Land of the Great Silk Road and the Vast Karakum Desert, Turkmenistan is now one of the popular tourist destinations in Central Asia. Tourists are drawn here by the ruins of once-glorious cities of powerful Asian and Persian dynasties, the endless steppes, and the eternal «black sands.» Despite being somewhat forgotten in the post-Soviet era, the country still offers a compelling lifestyle: tubeteikas and pilaf, the elegant Akhal-Teke horses, vibrant folk weddings, red and green tea, breathtakingly beautiful carpets, the finest silks, and honey melons.
Additionally, visitors can witness the unique Turkmen version of a personality cult—one might find it hard to believe that such a phenomenon exists in the 21st century rather than in Nero’s Rome or medieval feudalism. The golden statue of the president that turns with the sun, the lifetime «shahship,» and the mandatory daily oath of allegiance to the «Father of Turkmen» are just a few examples. In short, Turkmenistan continues to amaze us as it always has.
Turkmenistan’s geography is dominated by vast deserts, covering over 80% of the country. This results in a continental and arid climate. Summers are long and extremely hot, while winters are short but quite cold. Annual precipitation is less than 80 mm. Therefore, the best times to visit Turkmenistan are April-May and September-October. During these months, the weather is warm and sometimes even hot, with average temperatures ranging from 25 to 30 degrees Celsius, though it can occasionally reach up to 40 degrees. In the summer, temperatures consistently hit 40 degrees, so it is advisable to avoid traveling from June to August. Winters can be quite cold due to rain and northern winds, though temperatures rarely drop below freezing.
It is also important to remember that Turkmenistan is a closed country, and during national holidays, it becomes nearly inaccessible. Our guide recommends avoiding travel during Turkmenistan’s Independence Day (September 27), Neutrality Day (December 12), and other major celebrations.
Spring is a pleasant and mild season, ideal for exploring. The weather is comfortable for walks, and fresh fruits and vegetables are plentiful. In March, the average temperature is around 15°C, rising to about 22°C in April. A light windbreaker and sweater are recommended for cooler evenings.
Summer is a great time to visit the mountainous regions or the Caspian Sea coast. July and August bring hot, arid weather across Turkmenistan, with daytime temperatures reaching up to 43°C, making city walks uncomfortable during midday.
Autumn is a lovely season for traveling throughout the country. The extreme heat of summer subsides, and the cold of winter has not yet begun. Markets offer an abundance of fruits and vegetables at attractive prices.
Winter in Turkmenistan can be quite cold, especially in mountainous areas. In January, the average temperature is around 3°C, with occasional drops to -15°C. It’s essential to bring a warm sweater and a good waterproof, windproof jacket to protect against heavy precipitation.
Turkmenistan is a secular country with no strict requirements or prohibitions regarding outerwear. However, during the hot summer months, it is advisable to avoid overly revealing or tight clothing if you plan to visit religious sites. Additionally, it’s best to refrain from wearing sleeveless tops and open-back shirts during the day to avoid sunburn. Opt for loose, lightweight cotton garments and don’t forget to wear hats and sunglasses for sun protection.
When planning a trip to Turkmenistan, rest assured that there are no mandatory vaccination requirements for travelers entering the country. However, it’s always a good idea to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized travel health advice. COVID-19 restrictions are also no longer valid to enter the country.
As of March 6, 2023, Turkmenistan has lifted COVID-19 restrictions and reopened its borders to tourists. However, before entering thecountry you will need to undergo a PCR test at the border, which costs USD $43 in cash only.
Certainly! If you have particular interests or ideas for activities that our existing tours don’t encompass, we invite you to reach out with your concepts. We’re committed to crafting an experience that aligns with your vision. Your unique requests not only challenge us but often inspire new, enduring tour offerings. We look forward to collaborating with you to create your ideal journey.
Under the revised legislation, there is no longer a cap on the amount of currency you can bring into Turkmenistan. Make sure to declare the amount you bring to have it taken out of the country when leaving.
During customs inspection, the amount of cash you are carrying may be checked. The amount of currency you are taking out must not exceed the amount you brought in. Additionally, the export of local currency—Turkmen manat—is prohibited. Therefore, before leaving, it’s best to compare your customs declaration with the cash you have and, if possible, exchange any remaining currency back.
Also, make sure to check that you have certificates for any souvenirs you’ve purchased and review all your luggage, as recovering lost items can be quite difficult.
Should any issues arise during your tour, rest assured that support is just a call or email away, any time of the day or night. Our dedicated team of travel consultants and guides is ready to assist you around the clock. Additionally, you’ll be provided with the contact details of a local liaison in your destination city, who will be readily available to offer immediate assistance should the need arise. For added peace of mind, we recommend saving these contacts in your phone and carrying a hard copy as well, ensuring you’re prepared for any situation.
Turkmenistan is a safe destination for tourists, but it’s important to follow some guidelines and consider various factors. Special vaccinations are not required before traveling to the country, and your first aid kit should include standard items: antiseptics, bandages, fever reducers, and medications for headaches and stomachaches. The main risk factor is the extreme heat, with temperatures exceeding 40°C from May to September. Tourists should wear lightweight, loose-fitting clothing, a cap or hat, and sunglasses. Sunscreen is also recommended for additional protection.
While in Turkmenistan, it is important to follow standard safety measures: keep documents and valuables in the hotel safe, avoid carrying large amounts of cash, and always keep an eye on your bag and wallet. Be cautious of pickpockets in crowded places such as markets and bazaars. It is advisable not to walk alone at night, especially in unfamiliar areas. Visits to border regions are only allowed with official permission and an accompanying Turkmen guide.
Avoid discussing politics and the controversial era of Saparmurat Niyazov, as well as related topics, including the artistic value of the «Rukhnama» book and the golden statue of the «Father of the Turkmen» in Ashgabat’s main square. Given that Islam is the state religion of Turkmenistan, it is important to respect Islamic norms and dress modestly.
Government buildings cannot be photographed without permission.
Avoid taking photos of local people without their consent.
Only drink bottled or boiled water, and use it to wash fruits and vegetables and brush your teeth. In bars and restaurants, order pre-chilled beverages and avoid ice cubes.
Relationships between foreign men and local women may result in fines and deportation.
Smoking in public areas, including restaurants and other communal spaces (unless designated smoking areas are provided), is banned in Turkmenistan. You are allowed to bring in no more than 2 packs of 20 cigarettes per person, 2 cigars, and 2 packs of loose tobacco, with a weight not exceeding that of 2 cigarette packs. The law prohibits giving tobacco products as gifts.
Since much of Turkmenistan is desert, there is a minor risk of encountering scorpions, snakes, or various poisonous insects. To avoid stings or bites in the desert, it’s advisable to wear sturdy footwear, long pants made of thick fabric, avoid lying directly on the ground, fully enclose your tent with a mosquito net, and check or shake out your shoes in the morning, as insects may crawl inside.
It’s generally advised against drinking tap water directly in Turkmenistan. However, boiling the tap water can make it safe for consumption. Only drink bottled or boiled water, and use it to wash fruits and vegetables and brush your teeth. In bars and restaurants, order pre-chilled beverages and avoid ice cubes.
Indeed, in Turkmenistan, there are no legal restrictions on the consumption, purchase, or sale of alcoholic beverages. You’ll find that restaurants, bars, and shops offer a variety of local and international drinks. However, it’s important to note that while alcohol is available, drinking in public places outside of designated areas is generally frowned upon. It’s always best to consume alcohol responsibly and be mindful of local customs and etiquette.
Note, that smoking in public areas, including restaurants and other communal spaces (unless designated smoking areas are provided), is strictly prohibited in Turkmenistan.
Smokers in Turkmenistan should be cautious: smoking in public places and on the streets is strictly prohibited. Smoking is only allowed in designated areas, such as specific zones within hotel premises near designated ashtrays. The fine for smoking in unauthorized areas is quite high—over 80 US dollars.
The manat is the national currency of Turkmenistan. It shares its name with the currency of Azerbaijan, so to avoid confusion, it’s often referred to as the Turkmen manat. Cash transactions are conducted exclusively in the local currency. U.S. dollars are the easiest to exchange, but exchange points do not accept torn or worn-out bills, nor do they accept older banknotes (pre-1996). Additionally, there is a black market for currency in the country with more favorable exchange rates, but using this market carries a high risk of encountering fraud or legal issues.
Turkmenistan’s main pride is its Akhal-Teke horses and Turkmen carpets. While taking a horse home might be impractical, acquiring one of the famous handmade carpets is certainly possible! The only potential obstacle is their high price, starting from around a thousand dollars.
In addition to carpets, you can also bring back standard souvenirs like magnets, camel wool products, Karakul hats, traditional clothing, and ceramics. Souvenir shops and stores are mainly concentrated in Ashgabat, so finding souvenirs in places like Kunya-Urgench, Mary, or other cities may be more challenging.
It is also important to remember that exporting antiques and artwork from Turkmenistan is prohibited. Therefore, when purchasing expensive carpets or souvenirs, you should obtain a special certificate from the seller along with the receipt, which confirms that the item does not hold cultural or historical value.
Transportation within Turkmenistan includes flights, trains, buses, shared taxis, and both official and «semi-legal» taxis.
For covering long distances, flying with Turkmenistan Airlines or other local carriers is the most convenient option. There are numerous daily flights connecting Ashgabat with Dashoguz, Mary, Turkmenabad, and Turkmenbashi. The fleet consists of brand-new Boeing 717s, making the journey quite pleasant. Ticket prices are relatively low, but due to high demand and limited availability, it’s advisable to book well in advance.
Domestic flight tickets officially go on sale 14 days before the flight date, but they are often quickly snapped up by resellers, which may lead to higher prices if purchased through travel agencies.
Trains are available for travel from the capital to Turkmenbashi, Mary, and Turkmenabad. With no electrified lines, the trains run on diesel and move relatively slowly. For example, a trip from Ashgabat to Turkmenbashi takes about 12 hours.
Traveling between cities by shared taxis and buses is convenient, inexpensive, and quick. Shared taxis typically depart when all seats are occupied, while buses run on a set schedule. A shared taxi from the capital to Turkmenbashi takes around 6 hours and costs approximately $17 USD. A trip to Mary takes about 4 hours and costs $11.40 USD. Intercity bus fares generally do not exceed $5 USD, even for longer distances.
Taxis, mostly operated by private drivers, offer a convenient way to get around cities. To hail a taxi, simply raise your hand while standing on the roadside. Typically, if not the first, then the second approaching car will stop. Rates are very affordable by European standards—about $1.50 USD for a short trip and up to $5.70 USD for a longer journey. It’s important to negotiate the fare in advance and exercise basic safety precautions when entering an unfamiliar car. The prices listed are as of March 2023.