Ershi settlement

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Ershi settlement

Ancient settlement of Ershi (Mingtepa) near Andijan
Ancient settlement of Ershi (Mingtepa) near Andijan

The ancient settlement of Ershi, located near modern-day Andijan in the Fergana Valley, holds a storied history dating back to the dawn of Central Asian civilization. Described in Chinese sources from the 2nd to 1st centuries BC, Ershi was the thriving capital of the Davan State, a prosperous region known for its advanced agriculture and bustling trade along the Great Silk Road.

Ershi flourished as a major commercial hub, renowned for its skilled traders and artisans. The city’s prosperity was supported by extensive vineyards that produced high-quality wine, prized both locally and exported to distant markets. Agriculture thrived with the cultivation of alfalfa, known as «Mu-su» in Chinese records, which found eager buyers in China.

Ancient settlement of Ershi (Mingtepa) near Andijan
Ancient settlement of Ershi (Mingtepa) near Andijan
Ancient settlement of Ershi (Mingtepa) near Andijan

Among Ershi’s most celebrated exports were the famed Fergana horses, particularly the Argamaks, revered for their speed and endurance. These horses, often referred to as «heavenly horses» in Chinese literature, were sought after by aristocrats and military leaders across neighboring lands. In 104 BC, Ershi faced a significant challenge when a vast Chinese army invaded, driven by the desire to acquire these legendary steeds and expand their empire.

Ancient settlement of Ershi (Mingtepa) near Andijan
Ancient settlement of Ershi (Mingtepa) near Andijan

Following the Turkic period in the Middle Ages, Ershi was renamed Mingtepa and gradually declined due to waning trade along the Silk Road and successive conquests. Eventually, the city fell into obscurity as inhabitants migrated to establish what is now modern Andijan.

Today the ruins of Mingtepa are located approximately 30 kilometers from Andijan. Archaeological excavations continue to uncover remnants of the once-thriving city, offering insights into its pivotal role in Central Asian history and its enduring legacy as a center of trade and cultural exchange along the Silk Road.