According to legend, Alexander the Great founded Nurata during his Eastern campaign in 331 BC, constructing a strategically significant fortress. This location marked the border between the agricultural tribes and the nomadic tribes of the steppes, divided by the mountains.
This fortress, part of the Nuratau mountain range, is considered one of the oldest structures in Uzbekistan, with origins in the 4th century BC. It was named Nur, meaning “Ray” or “Light” in Uzbek, possibly inspired by a meteorite that fell in the area, creating the sacred spring known as Chashma, famed for its healing properties.
Access to the Nur Fortress is granted through the Chashma complex, where a ticket allows exploration of the ruins. The fortress comprised an inner town surrounded by protective walls and towers. Visitors can reach the lower level of the fortress ruins by climbing approximately 40 concrete steps, where vendors sell water and trinkets.
A short uphill walk leads to the inner fortress ruins, offering a view of the fort’s highest point. The eastern edge of the fortress features a narrow track mainly used for descent, with the path to the right leading to the top. Although the climb is strenuous due to heat and the slippery dirt path, it provides views of the city and its historical context.
Descending is best done via the path to the far right, where the shapes of the buttresses and fort walls remain visible. Built in 327 AD by Alexander after his conquest, the fort was named Nur. The ancient kariz water system, designed to transport water from the distant mountains, is no longer visible but showcases the sophisticated construction methods of the time.
Adjacent to the Chashma complex are two tombs, one of which might belong to a general from Alexander’s army. In 1220, Genghis Khan captured Nurata but spared its inhabitants. Nurata’s strategic significance is further underscored by the nearby city of Nautaca and the fort in Termez, situated on the Afghanistan border.
Despite being mostly reduced to mud walls, the Nur Fortress remains a captivating site for archaeology enthusiasts, offering expansive views of the surrounding desert. A visit to the complex can be conveniently arranged through shared taxis from Navoi, with return taxis typically available at the gate. Other nearby attractions include two parks and a monument dedicated to a sorrowful mother.
