The lighthouse in Lankaran is more than just a navigational necessity for this coastal port city; it is a historical landmark steeped in rich stories and significance. Situated near the central square of Lankaran and adjacent to the Azi Aslanov Park, this still-operational lighthouse was constructed between 1747 and 1786.
Standing over 30 meters tall, the lighthouse is now set back from the water’s edge, a testament to the changing landscape over centuries. Historically, the Caspian Sea’s water level was higher, reaching the very base of the structure, much like the Maiden Tower in Baku. Interestingly, while the Maiden Tower is rumored to have served as a prison, the Lankaran Lighthouse also shares a dark past as part of a prison complex. A submerged underground passage still exists, connecting the lighthouse to the prison building, though it is currently flooded.
The prison was officially closed in 1869, and the city administration took the initiative to construct a lantern atop the tower, subsequently transferring the lighthouse to the Hydrographic Service of the Caspian Fleet.
During the tumultuous years of the Civil War, the lighthouse became the site of fierce battles between the Red and White factions, resulting in the fatal wounding of T.I. Ulyantsev, a notable figure of that era.
In 1957, the lighthouse underwent restoration, preserving its historical integrity while continuing to serve its purpose. A secret passage exists between the tower and the old prison building, further adding to the intrigue of this landmark. At the base of the lighthouse lies a special well, believed to have provided a covert route into the prison. This passageway allowed prisoners, brought in by ship to the lighthouse, to be transferred to the prison facility. Remarkably, two individuals can walk side by side through this hidden corridor, which features clay candle holders mounted on shelves every two meters along its walls.
Each floor of both structures contains seven rooms with circular walls, showcasing the unique architectural design of this historical site. The height of the tower, from its base to the lantern, measures 30.5 meters, reaching a total of 33.4 meters when including the lantern structure. The walls of the lighthouse are impressively thick, measuring two meters.
Until 1934, the lighthouse also housed a meteorological station.
