On the shores of the Caspian Sea lies one of the oldest cities in Azerbaijan—Lankaran. Situated in the southernmost part of the country, near the border with Iran, this historic city boasts a rich heritage. Archaeological excavations reveal that human settlement in this area dates back to the Bronze Age, approximately 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, while the city itself was established in the 10th century BC. Lankaran was strategically located at the crossroads of significant trade routes, serving as a vital stop for caravans traveling between Europe and Asia. Its proximity to the sea further enhanced its status as a trade port, fostering flourishing commerce and craftsmanship.
In the 18th century, Lankaran and its surrounding regions became part of the Talysh Khanate. The local population engaged in various activities such as hunting, agriculture, beekeeping, animal husbandry, gardening, fishing, and sericulture. Additionally, a range of crafts thrived here, including the production of copper items and pottery.
Trade played a crucial role in the economic development of the Talysh Khanate, with commerce flourishing between Lankaran and cities in Iran, Turkey, Russia, Central Asia, as well as China and India. Following the incorporation of Northern Azerbaijan into Russia, brick and tile factories, along with other industrial establishments, were constructed in Lankaran. The city also became known for producing cane sugar and fish products. Up until the 19th century, Lankaran was a key exporter of rice, vegetables, flax, silk, and fish, primarily trading with Russia, which significantly influenced the city’s industrial growth, as well as advancements in healthcare and education.
From an economic standpoint, Lankaran benefits from its advantageous geographical location and its fertile, subtropical climate. The city’s recreational sector is bolstered by its proximity to thermal springs, whose waters are utilized for treating various ailments. For beach enthusiasts, a variety of hotels, sanatoriums, and tourist bases have been established, drawing numerous visitors to the Caspian coastline where Lankaran is situated.
The city itself is relatively large, ranking as the 10th biggest in Azerbaijan, yet one distinctive feature of Lankaran that visitors will notice is the absence of tall buildings. Most residents prefer a quiet, secluded lifestyle in private homes rather than in apartments. This preference contributes to the city’s unique charm, where intriguing architectural designs abound. For instance, the main square and boulevard are reminiscent of French parks, setting them apart from typical post-Soviet urban landscapes.
