In the historic city of Shusha, known for its rich cultural tapestry, stands the Lesser Mosque of Govhar Agha, often referred to as the Lower Mosque. Located near the Gapan Square, this mosque has its main entrance facing south, while its minarets are uniquely positioned towards the entrance from the north. This architectural choice is a result of the mosque’s orientation towards the city square. The designation “Lower” comes from its location being at a lower elevation than the Upper Mosque, and it is also smaller in size. Both mosques bear the name of their founder, Govhar Agha, the daughter of a former ruler of the Karabakh Khanate.
The reasons behind Govhar Agha’s decision to construct a newer mosque to replace the old one remain somewhat unclear. Some historians speculate that the previous mosque may have been destroyed by an earthquake, prompting the need for a new place of worship.
The minarets of the Lesser Mosque are cylindrical in shape, adorned with colorful bricks arranged in intricate Eastern patterns. These designs prominently feature the word “Allah,” artistically rendered in Arabic style, showcasing the mosque’s aesthetic and spiritual significance.
According to the waqf document inscribed on the mosque’s main facade, Govhar Agha bequeathed all her real estate—land, gardens, and shops—to the two mosques and two madrasas she established. Throughout her long life, which spanned 98 years, she financed the expenses of the madrasas and ensured their libraries were stocked with books on Sharia and social sciences. This dedication to education and charity is further exemplified by her establishment of the “Dar ul-Shafa” clinic for sick travelers, highlighting her commitment to helping those in need.
Additionally, documents from 1852 to 1860 indicate that Govhar Agha was a member of the Shamakhi branch of the St. Nina Women’s Charitable Society, further emphasizing her philanthropic endeavors.
Another notable mosque in Shusha is located in the neighborhood known as Saatly. This mosque is distinguished by its asymmetrical entrance, a unique feature that sets it apart from other mosques in the area. Constructed in 1883 on the site of an older mosque and madrasa, the newly built mosque is celebrated for its lavish interior decor, which distinguishes it from other neighborhood mosques. It also boasts a minaret with a separate entrance, adding to its architectural charm.