The fauna of Georgia is a fascinating reflection of the country’s diverse landscapes, ranging from lush forests and rugged mountains to vast steppes and serene waterways. This natural wealth is home to over 100 species of mammals, 330 varieties of birds, and 160 species of fish. To safeguard this precious biodiversity and preserve natural habitats, Tbilisi National Park, 17 nature reserves, and 6 wildlife preserves have been established across the country, serving as sanctuaries for endangered species and ecosystems.
The forests of Georgia are among the richest in faunal diversity, providing refuge to numerous species. In these dense woodlands, it’s common to encounter Caucasian deer, roebucks, wild boars, hares, squirrels, brown bears, wolves, jackals, badgers, lynxes, and foxes. This abundance of wildlife makes Georgian forests a vibrant haven for nature enthusiasts and wildlife observers.
The avian population of Georgia’s forests is equally remarkable, featuring an array of birds of prey. Among the majestic raptors found here are the bearded vulture, golden eagle, griffon vulture, and black vulture—all proudly listed in the Red Book of Georgia as protected species. In the forests of Colchis and Kakheti, pheasants can still be spotted, a testament to the country’s rich natural heritage.
Georgia’s reptile population also thrives in the forested regions, where species such as lizards, marsh turtles, and snakes are commonly encountered. Among the serpents, the grass snake, smooth snake, and the Caucasian viper are frequently observed.
The high-mountain ecosystems of the Greater Caucasus are a vital refuge for Georgia’s rare and endangered species. Here, the Kuban wild ox roams the western highlands, while the Dagestan wild ox inhabits the eastern slopes. The agile and elusive chamois is widespread, darting gracefully across steep terrains. In the eastern highlands, the bezoar goat makes its home, known for its impressive climbing skills and rugged beauty.
High-altitude birds are another distinctive feature of the Caucasus. The Caucasian black grouse is a common sight, blending seamlessly into the rugged terrain. The bearded vulture, a magnificent and iconic bird, soars above the mountain peaks, embodying the spirit of the Caucasus.
The eastern steppes of Georgia present a unique and uncommon ecosystem with a distinct array of wildlife. The rare and endangered goitered gazelle survives only in isolated parts of the Shirak steppe. Meanwhile, the striped hyena can still be found in the Gardabani steppe and the Alazani Valley—a rare predator in these lands.
Other predatory species in the steppes include foxes, jackals, and the elusive cane cat. These predators share their habitat with an array of rodents, such as jerboas, voles, and hamsters. The steppe birdlife is equally diverse, featuring the grey partridge, quail, and steppe eagle—all perfectly adapted to the open plains. Reptiles are plentiful too, with lizards, turtles, and snakes thriving in the dry, sun-soaked environment.
Georgia’s mountain streams, rivers, and lakes are teeming with aquatic life, making them a paradise for anglers and nature enthusiasts. These pristine waters are home to trout, barbel, carp, and other freshwater species. The abundance of fish, coupled with Georgia’s scenic water bodies, creates a serene yet lively environment that contributes to the country’s diverse ecosystem.
