Shyrdak (Kyrgyz Carpets)

The Kyrgyz have been using felt for crafting carpets and various other items since ancient times. The evolution and refinement of Kyrgyz carpet artistry have been influenced by several factors, including living conditions, climate, natural surroundings, and social dynamics.

Among the different types of Kyrgyz carpets, the shyrdak remains the most popular and enduring. This carpet is woven using a mosaic technique, known for its complexity and remarkable durability. A shyrdak can last up to 100 years or even longer.

Creating a shyrdak is a labor-intensive process. It typically takes a skilled artisan between 2 to 6 months to complete one carpet if they focus solely on that project. However, Kyrgyz women often work in groups, usually comprised of family members.

The shyrdak is a cherished item in Kyrgyz domestic life, and it holds significant value as part of a girl’s dowry. The weaving process involves two layers of felt: a top layer made from thin felt with a colored design and a bottom layer crafted from thick brown or black felt. The dyed felt pieces are folded and stitched together. The design is outlined with chalk and cut with a fine knife, creating a unique style where the background and pattern are nearly equal in area.

An important aspect of shyrdak weaving is the stitching technique known as «shyryk» (from which the name «shyrdak» is derived). This stitching enhances the carpet’s durability and creates a patterned design within the felt. Shyrdaks are typically sized between 1.5 to 3 meters, making them practical for various uses.

Traditional shyrdak designs often feature motifs like animals, deer antlers, and symbolic inscriptions, which convey messages to the owner. Today, shyrdaks are primarily produced in the Naryn and Issyk-Kul regions and are presented as part of a bride’s dowry.

Due to its rarity and cultural significance, the Kyrgyz government has nominated the shyrdak for inclusion in UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage list. The application is scheduled for consideration in 2013.