Nissa

Three key features of the southern complex draw tourists:

1. The Great Tower: This impressive two-story structure was not only a dominant feature of the Nisa complex but also stood out across the surrounding landscape, visible from several kilometers away. Its vaulted walls and intricate mud-brickwork, combined with the thoughtful and cohesive design of its architecture, continue to captivate visitors with its historical significance.

2. The Ruins of Columns and Walls: These remnants, standing 2-3 meters high, likely belonged to the grandest room of the temple complex, which was adorned with statues of venerated Parthian kings.

3. The Circular Hall: With a diameter of 17 meters, this unique architectural feature highlights the original and unparalleled design of Old Nisa. The architectural style of Old Nisa represents a harmonious blend of ancient Greek, Roman, and Oriental influences, skillfully adapted by local builders to create a distinctive and innovative structure. Old Nisa flourished until the 3rd century B.C. during the Arsacid dynasty.

New Nisa, in contrast, was a thriving settlement known for its aristocratic residences and lush gardens. Despite its initial prosperity, the city fell into disuse after the Sasanid conquest. It remained deserted for over two centuries until it was restored in the late 5th century by the Sasanid king Firuz, who recognized its strategic value. Nisa later became part of the Arabian Caliphate in 651. However, like many other Central Asian cities, Nisa was severely impacted by the Mongol invasion in 1220.