Gyaur-Kala, translating to «The Fortress of Infidels,» is an ancient settlement in Karakalpakstan, dating back to approximately the 4th century BC. This fortress, with its formidable ten-meter-high walls, encapsulates the ruins of two significant citadels, believed to have served as a temple and palace structures. The site’s historical and architectural grandeur offers a glimpse into the rich cultural tapestry of ancient Khorezm.
The first citadel is presumed to have been both a protective structure and a temple, reflecting the spiritual and defensive needs of the time. This region is historically significant as the birthplace of the Gathas, the most ancient texts of the Avesta, composed by the prophet Zarathustra (Zoroaster). The ruins and artifacts unearthed in Gyaur-Kala provide evidence that its inhabitants were Zoroastrians, who held fire worship in high regard, a central tenet of their religion.
The second citadel appears to have been the governor’s palace, featuring a courtyard, numerous household outbuildings, and living quarters adorned with carvings and paintings. Archaeological excavations have revealed luxury items such as various ornaments, fabrics embroidered with gold, and other artifacts indicating that the elite class resided here. These relics paint a vivid picture of the opulence and sophistication of the fortress’s inhabitants.
Visit the Muynak Ship Graveyard
Explore Muynak History Museum
Discover ancient Mizdakhan complex
Visit Mausoleum of Nazlukhansulu
Explore ruins of Gaur-Kala fortress
Wander through historic Khodjely landmarks