Namangan

Namangan is one of Uzbekistan’s most picturesque cities. Located to the north of the Fergana Valley, it lies over 200 kilometers from Tashkent. As one of the largest cities in the country, Namangan is renowned for its historical significance, vibrant culture, and thriving industries.

Namangan’s history dates back to the late 15th century, a period when the city was established in its present location. The name «Namangan» is derived from the Persian term «Namak kan,» meaning «salt mine,» reflecting the region’s historical association with salt mining. Archaeological findings suggest that references to Namangan can be found in manuscripts from the late 15th century. The city was officially mentioned for the first time in 1610, following the migration of inhabitants from Aksikent, a nearby city that had been devastated by an earthquake.

In the 17th century, Namangan emerged as a settlement primarily for local salt miners. It was during this period that the city began to develop into a significant administrative and cultural center. By the mid-18th century, Namangan had become the administrative hub of the province (viloyat). The city’s strategic location and trade routes established connections with China, Bukhara, and neighboring nomadic tribes, contributing to its growth.

During the rule of the khans, Namangan frequently faced invasions and destructive attacks due to its important geographical position. In 1843, the city was under the rule of Khudoyar Khan, a descendant of Sherali Khan, who later became the ruler of Kokand at the age of sixteen. Khudoyar Khan was enthroned by Muslimkul in 1845.

In 1875, Namangan came under Russian control. The city was then redesigned with a regular layout, separated from the old part by a fortress. The new city plan featured streets arranged in a semicircle around the fortress. By the early 20th century, Namangan had become the second most populous city in the Fergana Valley and a key center for cotton processing. It was the third-largest city in Uzbekistan, following Tashkent and Samarkand.

Today, Namangan continues to thrive as a center for light and food industries. The city is adorned with green orchards and parks. Nearby, the ruins of the ancient city of Aksikent provide insights into the region’s historical and architectural legacy. Archaeological studies reveal that Aksikent was once fortified with strong defensive walls and was a significant center of trade and handicrafts before its destruction by Mongols and a devastating earthquake in the 13th and 17th centuries, respectively.

Mausoleum of Khodzhimkan: One of the primary attractions in Namangan is the Mausoleum of Khodzhimkan, constructed in the 18th century by the renowned craftsman Muhammad Ibrahim. The mausoleum’s completion coincided with the rise in prominence of Namangan as a major city in the Fergana Valley. The mausoleum’s exterior is notable for its unique use of colors against a backdrop of burnt red brick, which sets it apart from traditional architectural styles of the era.

Religious and Historical Buildings

• Madrasa of Mulla-Kirgiz (built in 1910)
• Ata Valikhon Mosque
• Attawalik-Khontur Mosque
• Mulla Bozor Okhund Mosque

These buildings are prime examples of the architectural styles prevalent in Eastern architecture from previous centuries. Adorned with traditional decorations, these sites offer a glimpse into the region’s historical and religious heritage.

Sultan Akhmedov’s House: Built in the 19th century, this historic residence adds to Namangan’s rich architectural tapestry and provides insight into the city’s past.

Sheikh Eshon Mosque: This mosque is another important religious site in Namangan, reflecting the city’s deep-rooted Islamic traditions.

Central Park of Namangan: Originally established in 1884 as a private residence for a district chief, Central Park became accessible to the public in 1917. It was renamed Pushkin Park in 1938 and later renamed Babur Park after Uzbekistan gained independence in the early 1990s. Located in the city’s center and spanning over 13 hectares, the park is a major recreational area, accessible via public transport from almost all central streets. It also houses the Namangan Historical Museum.

Namangan Ark (Fortress): The Namangan Ark, located within the grounds of Babur Park, is a historical monument. While only partial walls and fragments remain, the fortress was used as a refuge by the Red Army. Its ancient origins continue to attract tourists and history enthusiasts.