Mohammed Mosque

The Mohammed Mosque, also known as Synyk-Kala, stands as the oldest structure not only in Icheri-Sheher but throughout all of Azerbaijan. This historic monument is named after its architect, Mohammed Abu-Bakr, and its age is substantiated by an inscription in Arabic engraved on a stone slab located beside the mosque’s entrance, dating back to 1078-1079 AD, or the year 471 in the Hijri calendar.

The mosque acquired its name “Synyk-Kala” in the 18th century, following the conquest of Baku by the forces of Peter I in 1723. During this tumultuous period, the city endured intense bombardment from ship-mounted cannons. One cannonball struck the upper portion of the mosque’s minaret, leaving the structure itself largely intact but causing significant damage. As a result, locals began referring to the mosque as Synyk-Kala, which translates to “Destroyed Tower.” The partially ruined minaret still rises above the mosque, seemingly reaching for the heavens, setting Synyk-Kala apart from other mosques in Icheri-Sheher.

Today, visitors can explore the mosque, although access is restricted by Islamic law, permitting entry only to men. Like other mosques in Icheri-Sheher, it features a low vaulted archway that requires all who enter to bow their heads in reverence to the Most High.

The mosque is designed with two tiers, showcasing a distinctive structural feature in the mihrab, which is shaped like a half-cylinder and protrudes from the outer wall. The interior of the mosque is illuminated by natural light that filters through the sole stained-glass window, complemented by a few dim lamps that cast a gentle glow within. This unique combination of architectural elements and historical significance makes the Mohammed Mosque a remarkable site for both worship and reflection.