Baku, the vibrant megacity of the Caucasus, serves as the cultural and tourist hub of the region and the capital of Azerbaijan. This city can be described in many ways as “the most”—fashionable, lively, historically rich, delicious, and warm. Visitors flock to Baku for its innovative design marvels, leisurely strolls through the Old City, shopping, thrilling activities, oil-based cosmetics, and iconic photo opportunities reminiscent of the classic film “The Diamond Arm.” To ensure your vacation is unforgettable, here’s our comprehensive guide to what to do, what to try, and where to stay in Baku.
In this city, East meets West, ancient traditions blend with futuristic architecture, the latest European fashion coexists with authentic Caucasian hospitality, and you can savor strong tea, baklava, and countless varieties of pilaf, all while enjoying the scents of spices, the sea breeze, the fire that erupts from the earth, and the ever-present winds.
So, you’ve arrived in the Azerbaijani capital for an unforgettable weekend. Two or three days are more than enough to experience the crème de la crème—ancient quarters, palaces, modernity, museums, and observation decks. Let’s begin our exploration in the heart of Old Baku—known as Icheri Sheher.
The history of Baku’s Old City spans roughly 1,500 years. More accurately referred to as Icheri Sheher, or “the Inner City Behind the Walls,” it features narrow streets, towers, mosques, ancient caravanserais, and medieval baths, as well as charming cafes and souvenir shops. The Old City of Baku is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site—a true open-air museum.
What should you see in Old Baku? Don’t miss the ancient Muhammad Mosque, one of the earliest stone structures in the city, and the Bazaar Square, where artifacts of antiquity are displayed outdoors. Be sure to peek into the caravanserais that once welcomed travelers along the Great Silk Road; today, these historic inns have been transformed into shops and cafes.
Make sure you take in the intricate carved balconies and ornate doors that contribute to Baku’s architectural identity. And, of course, wander through those narrow streets that were featured in “The Diamond Arm.”
Let’s delve into the Baku Fortress, the most formidable fortification in Azerbaijan. Constructed during the medieval era, this citadel encircled the city, providing protection from both land and sea. To this day, the monumental fortress walls, adorned with towers and gates, stand proudly, with the most ornate being the Shamakhi Gate, which served as the grand entrance to the beautiful city of Baku.
One of the most delightful ways to explore Baku is to wander aimlessly, much like the character Andrei Mironov in the classic film “The Diamond Arm.” However, if getting lost isn’t part of your plan, a fantastic landmark to guide you is the Maiden Tower. This architectural wonder, steeped in mystery, is a UNESCO World Heritage site and a highlight featured in numerous travel guides and posters.
Take a moment to admire the tower’s unique cylindrical design, which tapers elegantly towards the top, standing at approximately 30 meters tall. Known locally as Giz Galasi, the Maiden Tower now operates as a museum and offers a stunning observation deck with panoramic views of the city. Be sure to visit both during the day and at twilight to witness the city illuminated by a million lights.
Strolling along the charming Asaf Zeynally Street, you will arrive at the Juma Mosque, the most beautifully adorned mosque in Old Baku. Its façade resembles intricate lace carved from stone, dating back to the 12th century. The mosque has endured numerous destructions and wars, but today it stands restored, featuring a beautifully carved entrance arch and a robust minaret. The mosque welcomes visitors of all faiths daily, except during prayer times, and guests are kindly asked to maintain silence and adhere to a dress code.
Winding through the labyrinthine alleys of Old Baku (once again evoking the spirit of “The Diamond Arm”), you will find the medieval complex of the Shirvanshahs’ Palace. This impressive site includes not only the ceremonial residence but also gardens, a 15th-century palace mosque, the rulers’ tomb, baths, and mausoleums, with a history spanning over eight centuries. Within the palace, you’ll discover a historical museum boasting a rich collection of artifacts, including weapons, tableware, gold and silver engravings, handicrafts, jewelry, and ancient coins.
One of the most intriguing parts of the exhibition features the Bailov stone reliefs, which were recovered from the seabed. These artifacts are remnants of the “Baku Atlantis”—the Sabaill Fortress, which submerged due to an earthquake. Archaeologists successfully retrieved 706 slabs of the fortress frieze, inscribed with Arabic and Persian writings and depicting humans and animals—an unprecedented occurrence for an Islamic monument.
Some of the reliefs have been deciphered, revealing the year the fortress was constructed, the name of the architect, and the shah during whose reign the palace was built. The underwater archaeologists’ findings are displayed within the palace collection—take a moment to appreciate the exquisite stone carvings. Plan to spend 2 to 3 hours exploring the Palace of the Shirvanshahs, as there is much to see and absorb.
Just a stone’s throw from the entrance of the Shirvanshahs’ Palace (look for the installation titled “Seven Beauties”) lies the Miniature Book Museum. Here, you can explore a remarkable collection of thousands of miniature books from around the globe—so impressive that it has earned a place in the Guinness World Records. The collection features religious texts, rare historical editions, and biographies of notable figures, with the most intriguing items being microbooks, which can only be read through a powerful magnifying glass.
Exiting the old city through the ancient fortress gates, you will find yourself at the Philharmonic Garden. Established in 1830 on the site of private gardens, this charming oasis quickly became a beloved retreat for locals, featuring flowerbeds, pathways, and fountains. In 1912, the Azerbaijan State Philharmonic named after M. Magomaev was built within the garden. Today, the garden is named in honor of the Philharmonic, one of the city’s cultural centers.
From the Philharmonic Garden, adorned with beautiful fountains and shaded pathways, it’s an easy stroll to the pedestrian-friendly Nizami Street. This thoroughfare, which runs through the heart of the city from west to east, is named after the renowned Persian medieval poet. Its history dates back to the 19th century when it was known as Trade Street, a hub for shops and income-generating buildings. The oil boom brought prestigious hotels, boutiques, restaurants, and mansions of wealthy families to this area. The most stunning palaces along Nizami Street were crafted by prominent architects of the early 20th century, making it a prime destination for fans of Art Nouveau.
Next, let’s head to Mehdi Huseyn Street to catch a glimpse of Baku’s modern symbol—the Flame Towers. These dazzling skyscrapers, which resemble flickering tongues of fire, soar to a height of 182 meters. Their name and shape echo the city’s coat of arms, which features three flames, reinforcing Baku’s identity as the “Land of Fire.” During the day, LED panels reflect the movement of light, while in the evenings, they transform into a spectacular light installation. Be sure to visit the observation decks of Highland Park at dusk for the best photo opportunities.
The Flame Towers overlook the serene paths of Highland Park. Mornings here are tranquil, with the area encompassing parkland, a memorial complex, a Turkish mosque, cafes, and numerous viewpoints. From the terraces of Highland Park, you can enjoy breathtaking vistas of the city, the waterfront, and Baku Bay, along with its skyscrapers and palaces—make sure to visit during the day and return closer to sunset for stunning photographs.
One notable feature of the park is the funicular, which connects the elevated paths with the Seaside Boulevard. Alternatively, you can descend to the waterfront via the steps—perfect for those who enjoy capturing beautiful moments on camera.
Stretching along the Caspian Sea and Baku Bay, the Seaside Boulevard is one of the city’s main attractions. Established in 1909, the boulevard boasts an impressive array of sights, including fountain complexes, a yacht club, a Ferris wheel, and the Park Bulvar Mall and Deniz Mall, which resemble the sails of the Sydney Opera House. At the end of the boulevard, you’ll find the State Flag Square, home to one of the tallest flagpoles in the world. The Crystal Hall concert center, built for the Eurovision Song Contest 2012, the most expensive in the event’s history, is also located here. The Seaside Boulevard has been designated a National Park. Enjoy a daytime stroll, stopping for tea at one of the cafés, and return in the evening to admire the city lights.
A must-visit attraction along the Seaside Boulevard is the Carpet Museum, the first thematic carpet weaving museum in the world. The giant rolled-up “carpet” is a striking sight from the outside and offers a fascinating glimpse inside, showcasing invaluable historical artifacts. In 2010, the art of Azerbaijani carpet weaving was inscribed on UNESCO’s list of Intangible Cultural Heritage masterpieces.
Antique carpets from Sheki, Gabala, Ganja, and other cities and regions of Azerbaijan tell a centuries-old story—each handcrafted pattern is unique and never repeated. In addition to carpets, the museum features ceramics, wooden and glass items, a collection of decorative metalwork, embroidery, and samples of traditional clothing from various regions of Azerbaijan. The museum frequently hosts exhibitions and themed displays.
To wrap up your city exploration, take a leisurely stroll through the charming waterways of Baku Venice. This entertainment complex, established in 1960 and recently renovated, offers a fresh and modern ambiance. You can glide along the mini-canals in a gondola, taking in the picturesque bridges and stunning views. In the evenings, Baku Venice is beautifully illuminated, creating a magical atmosphere perfect for enjoying a delightful dinner or capturing memorable photos. The enchanting lights reflect off the water, enhancing the whimsical charm of the surroundings.
As you meander through this picturesque venue, you’ll find cozy restaurants and cafes where you can indulge in delicious local cuisine while soaking in the serene ambiance. The gentle sound of water lapping against the gondolas adds to the tranquil experience, making it an ideal spot to unwind after a day of exploration.
Experienced travelers agree that Baku is a treasure trove of attractions. If you’ve already explored the essential must-visit sites outlined earlier, let’s delve into what else the capital of Azerbaijan has to offer. You’ll likely need at least one more day to appreciate the remaining highlights within Baku itself, and set aside an additional day or two for excursions beyond the city. Even after all that, you will have only scratched the surface of this captivating city, albeit the most fascinating parts.
The Heydar Aliyev Center is a beacon of futuristic architecture in Baku, designed by the renowned contemporary architect Zaha Hadid, who is of Arab descent. Known as the “Queen of Curves,” Hadid has created numerous groundbreaking projects worldwide, and her masterpiece in Baku is no exception. This cultural hub, which encompasses museums, exhibition halls, and business offices, gracefully sprawls over nearly 60,000 square meters.
There are no harsh angles or straight edges here; instead, every turn reveals a new surprise. The project was conceived in 2007 and completed in 2012, earning the title of the world’s best building just two years later with the “Design of the Year 2014” award. Inside, you’ll find exhibition halls showcasing collections like “Masterpieces of Azerbaijan,” a miniature model of the country, photographs of culinary delights, and contemporary art exhibitions. Given that the center is named after the former president, there is also an entire exhibit dedicated to his life and career, featuring everything from cufflinks to cars. Allocate 2-3 hours for a thorough exploration.
The Mukhtarov Palace, an exquisite example of romantic French Gothic architecture, was built for a wealthy oil magnate and philanthropist. Inspired by Venetian architecture, it was designed by architect I. Ploshko in the early 20th century. Both during pre-revolutionary Russia and in modern Azerbaijan, the Mukhtarov Palace is celebrated as one of the most beautiful buildings in the city. Today, it serves as a Wedding Palace, adding to its allure.
If you have a passion for ancient history and archaeology, don’t miss the Gala Ethnographic Museum-Reserve. This fascinating open-air museum spans 1.5 hectares and offers a glimpse into the lives of ancient Azerbaijanis dating back to 3000 BC. You can view preserved pottery, jewelry, household items, and work tools, alongside reconstructions of ancient dwellings. The grounds also feature a restored 15th-century castle and examples of ancient rock paintings—petroglyphs.
Among Baku’s most recent architectural projects is the Heydar Mosque, completed in 2014. This monumental mosque is dedicated to the first president of Azerbaijan, Heydar Aliyev. Covering a total area of 12,000 square meters, its façades are designed in the popular Shirvan-Apsheron style and adorned with golden stone. The minarets soar to a height of 95 meters, making it the largest mosque in the South Caucasus.
The Bibi-Heybat Mosque is a modern structure built on the site of an ancient sanctuary. The original mosque dates back to the 13th century but was destroyed through centuries of wars and tragedies, particularly during the Soviet era. It was reconstructed in the 2000s in a minimalist Shirvan style, featuring a stern façade, three domes, and two minarets. Inside, however, you are greeted by a dazzling spectacle of emerald tiles and golden inscriptions of Quranic verses adorning the dome. The doors and windows are beautifully decorated in the traditional “shebeke” technique. When visiting Baku, be sure to stop by, but remember to adhere to strict dress codes when entering Islamic places of worship.
Located just outside Baku (accessible by taxi or public transport), the ancient Mardakan Fortress is a must-see. This quadrangular citadel, also known as the Great Mardakan Castle, boasts a rich history and unique architecture. Built in the 12th century as part of the defensive fortifications surrounding Baku, it features an outer wall with semicircular towers and a 22-meter donjon at its center. Following recent restoration, visitors can safely ascend the tower for stunning views.
The name Ateshgah translates to “Place of Fire,” aptly describing this temple built on the site of natural gas vents known as “eternal flames.” In the 17th and 18th centuries, Zoroastrian followers established a sanctuary here, and today, the complex operates as an open-air museum. The sacred site is enclosed by a crenellated wall and entrance portal, with a square altar temple rising in the center of the courtyard. Be sure to admire the ancient Indian and Persian reliefs that adorn the site.
The Ateshgah Fire Temple is not only a remarkable architectural site but also a significant cultural landmark. It is included in the tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage status, highlighting its importance in the history of Zoroastrianism and its role as a pilgrimage site for fire worshippers throughout the centuries. Visitors can wander through the complex, experiencing the serene atmosphere and absorbing the unique blend of history and spirituality that this site offers.
Baku and the Absheron Peninsula are renowned not only for their historical and architectural treasures but also for their stunning natural wonders. Let’s explore some of these breathtaking landscapes.
A must-visit for tourists is Gobustan National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and an open-air museum showcasing ancient history. This park captivates visitors with its extraordinary natural landscapes, nestled between the Caspian Sea and the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains.
Well-marked walking trails lead you to the park’s main attraction: ancient petroglyphs etched into the rocks. Scholars have documented around 6,000 images of rock art, some dating back approximately 8,000 years. These masterpieces depict scenes of daily life, hunting, fishing, and various animals, providing a fascinating glimpse into the lives of ancient peoples.
Another intriguing reason travelers flock to the Absheron Peninsula is its famous mud volcanoes. These bubbling mud geysers are a sight to behold, varying from small mounds to towering formations that erupt with mud. However, caution is advised; it’s essential to keep a safe distance from the volcanoes’ craters. The best time to visit these natural wonders is during warm weather, as they are best appreciated in pleasant conditions.
No trip to Baku would be complete without witnessing the natural phenomenon of Yanar Dag, or Burning Mountain. This captivating site is a must for anyone enchanted by the mystical. Flames burst forth from the earth, creating a mesmerizing display that has drawn fire worshippers for centuries. The mountain has become a popular destination for tourists, particularly at dusk when the flames are most vibrant. Witnessing Yanar Dag is an unforgettable experience that showcases the region’s unique geological features.
Summer in Baku is synonymous with beach fun, sunshine, and relaxation. While swimming in the city center isn’t feasible, numerous beach clubs and resort hotels are located in the nearby suburbs along the Caspian Sea.
The beach season in Baku typically runs from May to October, offering plenty of opportunities to enjoy the sun and sand. The city boasts both municipal free beach areas and private beach clubs with entrance fees. Locals particularly favor the Bilgah beach area, located 30 kilometers from the city center. Here, you’ll find a sandy and shell-strewn shoreline with a gentle slope into the sea.
Choose between the free Central Beach or the more upscale beach clubs for a day of relaxation.
In the resort village of Mardakan, just 35 kilometers from Baku, you can enjoy beautiful golden sandy beaches. Whether you want to sunbathe on the municipal beach or at a beach club, facilities such as sunbed rentals, showers, and changing cabins are readily available. For added convenience, you can also rent a gazebo or beach tent for your comfort.
Not far from Baku, the beaches of Novkhani offer clean waters, an extensive coastline, and a gradual entry into the sea, along with a variety of entertainment options. Most beaches are free to access, and you can separately rent equipment or a gazebo for a more enjoyable day by the water.
Check the Weather: Before planning your trip to Baku, make sure to check the weather forecast. Summers can be scorching, reaching temperatures of +40 °C or higher, while winters can be quite windy.
Explore Icheri Sheher: If you dream of wandering through narrow, ancient streets at dusk, consider booking accommodation in the Icheri Sheher (Old City) area. This historic district is home to a plethora of charming hotels and guesthouses, allowing you to immerse yourself in Baku’s enchanting atmosphere.
Shop for Souvenirs: While in the Old City, don’t forget to visit souvenir shops for the most authentic gifts. Be sure to indulge in the local cuisine and try all the culinary delights. If you’re in a hurry, ordering a kutab (a type of stuffed flatbread) and a cup of tea is a quick and satisfying snack.
Shopping Options: If you’re looking to refresh your wardrobe, head to the shopping centers like Port Baku Mall, Deniz Mall, and Ganjlik Mall. Shopping here is a delightful way to spend a hot day.
Beach Recommendations: Although Baku is situated on the shores of the Caspian Sea, swimming in the city center isn’t possible. Locals recommend heading to nearby villages like Mardakan
and Bilgah for a delightful beach experience. These areas offer both free beach access and well-maintained beach clubs, ensuring you have plenty of options to enjoy the sun and surf.
Explore Beyond Baku: Don’t limit your Azerbaijani adventure to just Baku. The capital serves as a great starting point for exciting excursions to nearby attractions. Whether you choose to rent a car, join a guided tour, or take a train, destinations like the ancient city of Sheki, the mysterious Gobustan, or the legendary Shemakha await your discovery. Each of these places offers unique experiences that reflect the rich history and culture of Azerbaijan.
Baku is a city that beautifully intertwines its rich history with modernity, offering visitors a diverse range of sights and experiences. From the stunning architectural wonders like the Heydar Aliyev Center and Mukhtarov Palace to the natural beauty of Gobustan and Yanar Dag, there is something for everyone in this vibrant capital.
As you explore Baku, take the time to immerse yourself in the local culture, savor the delicious cuisine, and engage with the friendly locals. Whether you are wandering through the cobblestone streets of the Old City or lounging on a beach by the Caspian Sea, Baku promises to leave you with unforgettable memories and a desire to return. Enjoy your journey through this enchanting city!