Nestled on the outskirts of Baku in the town of Mardakan, the Tuba Shahi Mosque stands as a testament to 15th-century architecture, commissioned by a woman named Tuba Shahi, after whom the mosque is named. This remarkable religious structure has remarkably withstood the test of time, showcasing the elegance of medieval architectural design in Azerbaijan.
The mosque features smooth stone walls, while its rectangular windows are adorned with intricately carved stone lattices that exhibit geometric patterns. The facade is crowned with a beautifully carved cornice, adding to its architectural charm. The entrance protrudes slightly from the main structure, and above the door, an inscription commemorates the years of construction (1481-1482). The overall aesthetic of the Tuba Shahi Mosque is characterized by modesty, with decorations that are understated yet pleasing to the eye.
Inside the mosque, two stone inscriptions provide valuable historical context. One inscription notes the name of Tuba Shahi and the year of construction (AH 886, corresponding to 1481-1482). Another inscription, located within the mosque, reveals that it was initially built in 1372 by Haji Baheddin ibn Hoja Nureddin.
The interior layout of the mosque connects various rooms to the main hall through gracefully curved arches. Dominating the center of the hall is a low faceted drum topped with a peaked dome, creating a sense of height and openness. The mihrab, which indicates the direction of prayer, is situated in the southern wall, while the harmonious proportions of the different rooms and spaces contribute to a tranquil atmosphere within Tuba Shahi.
The mosque’s internal structure is reminiscent of the courtyards and tombs of the Shirvanshahs, with its exterior embellished with traditional ribbon-like patterns. The design of the portal reflects a composition that was prevalent in 15th-century architecture, further enhancing the mosque’s historical significance and aesthetic appeal.