Over the past 60 years, Sudochie Lake has undergone dramatic changes due to the decreasing water levels of the Aral Sea. By 1972, the lake’s area had shrunk to just a quarter of its original size. This reduction was largely attributed to the diversion of water from the Amu Darya, which initially led to the lake’s severe contraction. However, efforts to redirect drainage waters from the Amu Darya helped restore some of the lake’s volume. Despite these changes, the lake has partially retained its ecological functions, continuing to support various fish species and serving as an important resting site for migratory birds, including nesting pink flamingos.
Sudochie Lake is characterized by its shallow depth, with a maximum depth of 3 meters and an average depth of 1.5 meters. Originally spanning an area of 350 square kilometers, the lake’s size has reduced to approximately 330 square kilometers, though this varies with seasonal water fluctuations. During the summer months, the water temperature in Sudochie Lake ranges between 25 to 27 degrees Celsius. In winter, the lake freezes over, a testament to the region’s extreme seasonal variations.
In recognition of its ecological significance, Sudochie Lake was designated as the «Sudochie» State Ornithological Reserve in 1991. This protected area, which covers 50,000 hectares, aims to safeguard the diverse biological life within the Sudochie lake system. The reserve is home to over 230 bird species, including 15 endangered species and 20 listed in Uzbekistan’s Red Book. Notable avian residents include pink flamingos, herons, pelicans, swans, and golden eagles. In 2014, a remarkable population of 7,000 pink flamingos was recorded nesting in the lake, underscoring its importance as a key breeding ground for these birds.
The fish population in Sudochie Lake includes species such as carp, crucian carp, grass carp, and pike-perch. Historically, the lake produced around 2,000 tons of fish annually. However, commercial fishing is no longer practiced, and fishing is now a local activity. The village of Urga, located on the western shore of the lake, was once a hub for fishing activities. The village survived for nearly a century before its last resident departed in 1971. Today, remnants of Urga, including a small Russian cemetery, building foundations, and ruins of fish processing facilities, can still be observed. Occasionally, fishermen and tourists visit the lake, and tours often include a visit to the historical village of Urga.
Sudochie Lake’s preservation is attributed to the concerted efforts of international conservation organizations and the authorities of Karakalpakstan. Unlike the Aral Sea, which has suffered severe environmental degradation, Sudochie Lake has been maintained as a vital oasis in the desert. The lake’s continued ecological importance and the historical remnants of the village of Urga add to the unique character of this region.
