Caravanserais have long been a cornerstone of Eastern architecture, serving as essential hubs for trade and travel. No eastern city could thrive without a network of caravanserais, which were strategically built along the bustling trade routes connecting the East and the West. These establishments were crucial for the smooth operation of commerce, providing necessary accommodations for both goods and travelers.
The term “caravanserai” translates to “palace for caravans” or “palace along a trade route.” In the vast expanses of the Middle East and Central Asia, these structures often served as vital resting places, strategically located in remote areas to shelter both animals and people.
Caravanserais can be categorized into two main types: open and closed. Closed caravanserais functioned as small fortresses, designed to protect against potential threats. Typically one or two stories tall, these buildings were encircled by fortified walls and included warehouses, stables, and living quarters. In contrast, open caravanserais were more common in urban areas and resembled hotels, complete with stables and corrals for animals. They often featured teahouses, bathhouses, and various facilities aimed at enhancing the travel experience.
The Bukhara Caravanserai in Baku exemplifies the open type of caravanserai. Situated in the historic Icherishekher district, directly across from the Multani Caravanserai, it was constructed in the late 15th century along the trade route that passed through the Shemakha gates. This caravanserai primarily served as an overnight lodging for merchants and travelers from Central Asia, particularly those hailing from Bukhara, which is why it is often referred to as the Bukharian caravanserai.
The structure itself is square in shape, with an inner courtyard designed for relaxation. Individual cells were available for private accommodations, while the entire perimeter of the building is adorned with pointed arches, lending the caravanserai an impressive and grand appearance. This architectural gem not only reflects the rich history of trade in the region but also stands as a testament to the cultural exchanges that have taken place over centuries.