The Novruz holiday in Azerbaijan marks the vibrant celebration of spring and the arrival of the New Year. This festive occasion is one of the most captivating events in the country, steeped in rich customs and traditions. Traditionally, Azerbaijanis begin their festivities four Wednesdays prior to March 21, each symbolizing the transition from the old year to the new:
According to traditional beliefs, water is said to be reborn on the first Wednesday, as still waters begin to flow. The second Wednesday signifies the rebirth of fire, followed by the awakening of the earth on the third. By the fourth Wednesday, the wind stirs tree buds, heralding the arrival of spring.
Novruz in Azerbaijan is rich with ceremonies and rituals. For instance, on the eve of Novruz, each family lights a number of torches on the roof of their home, corresponding to the number of family members. Each person jumps over the flames, reciting a special incantation. Once the fire has burned down, young men and women collect the remaining ashes, which are then disposed of on the outskirts of the village or along the road. This act symbolizes the purification of the home, as the fire is believed to burn away past misfortunes, erasing their memory along with the ashes.
Another tradition involves unmarried girls who, in hopes of finding a fortunate match, throw “black coins”—symbols of bad luck—into a jug filled with water during the day. In the evening, just before sunset, they pour the water out along with the coins, releasing their past misfortunes.
On Akhyr Chershenbe, as night falls, the time for fortune-telling arrives. Young men and women sneak to their neighbors’ doors to “overhear” conversations, interpreting the first words they catch as omens for their futures. Many families also consult the poetry of Khafiz Shirazi for insights into their fortunes on this special day.
Among the numerous Novruz traditions, the preparation of samani—a dish made from sprouted wheat—is particularly significant, symbolizing fertility and new life. The cooking of samani is often accompanied by traditional songs and dances, adding to the festive atmosphere.
The last day of the old year is considered a sacred occasion for Azerbaijanis. On the eve of Novruz, families gather at home, where a special mat is laid for the head of the household. He offers prayers, and no one may eat without his permission. When the sound of a gunshot signals the start of the meal, the family enjoys milk pilau, a traditional dish. If the gate is open on this day, it signifies that the host is at home and ready to welcome guests. Visitors are greeted by the eldest son or nephew, offered rose water for handwashing, and invited inside. The head of the family signals for tea to be served immediately. Such visits typically continue for three days before the women take their turn to celebrate Novruz for a full week.
On the final night of the old year, family members splash water on each other before going to bed, symbolically washing away the hardships of the past year.
Finally, the holiday begins! Everyone dresses in new clothes and festivities commence, with work set aside for the day. In Azerbaijan, the official celebration of Novruz occurs on March 21. On the first morning of the New Year, it is customary to rise early. If possible, people gather at rivers or springs to wash themselves and splash water on one another, as water represents cleanliness and renewal. They also share sweets, and it is essential to consume something sweet—such as honey, candies, or sugar—on this day. Following this, it is customary to inhale fragrant smoke, believed to ward off evil spirits.
The holiday table is particularly significant, adorned with seven dishes, all beginning with the letter “S”: sumakh (sumac), skad (milk), sirke (vinegar), samani (wheatgrass pudding), sabzi (greens), among others. Additionally, a mirror, a candle, and a painted egg must be present on the table. Each item carries symbolic meaning: the candle represents light and protection from malevolent spirits, while the egg and mirror signify the transition from the old year to the new. Azerbaijanis place the painted egg on the mirror, and as soon as the egg moves, the New Year officially begins, prompting everyone at the table to exchange wishes for a prosperous year ahead.
Typically, during the holiday, doors remain unlocked, symbolizing that the family is home and eager to welcome guests. Children visit friends and relatives, carrying small bags for holiday treats. On the first day of the New Year, homes are illuminated throughout the night, as extinguishing the lights is considered an ill omen.
The celebrations of the New Year continue until the 13th day of Novruz. On this day, vibrant festivities take place in the outskirts of cities, featuring traditional games and contests such as horse and camel races, where both men and women participate. These lively events reflect the spirit of community and the joy of the season, making Novruz Bayram one of the oldest and most cherished traditions in Azerbaijan.
