Carpets

Turkmenistan has earned global recognition for its stunning carpets, each woven with exceptional skill by Turkmen women. Crafting these carpets is more than just a task—it’s a revered tradition and an art form that can be likened to a heroic feat. While modern carpet making has evolved into a professional industry, historically, every woman in Turkmenistan was adept at weaving carpets.

Carpets are deeply symbolic to the Turkmen people. Predominantly featuring a rich dark red hue, these carpets are traditionally woven from wool, cotton, and silk, all crafted at home. Legend has it that the intricate patterns, known as «ghels,» found in Turkmen carpets are a reflection of the «covenants» left by Oguz Khan, a legendary figure in Turkmen history. Each tribe in Turkmenistan has its own unique designs, making the carpet a sacred object that even adorns the national flag. A genuine Turkmen carpet is not only a masterpiece of art but also carries a significant price. To acquire one, one must visit specialized markets or stores.

The tradition of carpet making in Turkmenistan dates back centuries. Archaeological finds, such as ceramics from the 4th to 3rd centuries B.C., reveal patterns that closely resemble those seen in contemporary Turkmen carpets.

In ancient times, Turkmen carpets were highly valued and extensively traded. By the 3rd century B.C., Parthian carpets were being exported to Europe and were highly prized by Roman emperors. Written records from the 13th century, including those of the famous explorer Marco Polo, describe Turkmen carpets as «the finest and thinnest in the world.»

From the late 19th century onward, Turkmen carpets gained international acclaim and were showcased in major cities across Russia and Europe. They were featured at World Fairs in Paris, St. Petersburg, Berlin, and Washington, and many now reside in the private collections of prominent figures worldwide.

Each Turkmen oasis is known for its distinctive carpet patterns, yet all share common themes and symbolism that define Turkmen carpet artistry. These carpets often feature not only geometric designs but also stylized depictions of animals such as rams, camels, horses, and birds. The patterns in Turkmen carpets are crafted with a focus on the center, which represents the sun. Much like the enigmatic Egyptian pyramids, the patterns in Turkmen carpets are believed to hold secrets and potentially offer insights into the unique cultural heritage of the Turkmen people.