Independence Day in Azerbaijan, also known as State Sovereignty Day, is observed each year on October 18. This significant date marks the moment in 1991 when the government officially adopted the Declaration of Independence, laying the foundational principles for the newly sovereign nation. This declaration was a crucial step in Azerbaijan’s journey towards self-determination and national identity following years of foreign rule.
While Independence Day was originally recognized as a public holiday, it transitioned to a working holiday in 2006. Despite this change, the spirit of the day remains vibrant, and Azerbaijanis continue to celebrate with enthusiasm, particularly in the capital city of Baku. The occasion serves as a reminder of the nation’s hard-won freedom and the aspirations of its people.
In Baku, the atmosphere is filled with joy and pride as the president and government officials extend their congratulations to the citizens. The celebrations feature a variety of engaging activities, including competitions, concerts, and special exhibitions that showcase Azerbaijani culture and heritage. These events foster a sense of unity and national pride among the populace.
As the day progresses, the festivities culminate in a spectacular fireworks display that lights up the night sky over Baku, symbolizing the hopes and dreams of the Azerbaijani people.
After Azerbaijan regained its independence from the Soviet Union, Martyrs’ Day was officially declared a national holiday. In 2010, the government honored the memory of the victims by establishing a memorial in the Yasamal District of Baku. This memorial, known as Shekhid Alley (Martyrs’ Lane), features the names of each national hero who perished during the Black January events inscribed on its walls, serving as a lasting tribute to their bravery.
Every year, on January 20, the people of Azerbaijan come together to commemorate this tragic event with a large, solemn procession to the memorial. Participants lay flowers and pay their respects, honoring the memory of those who lost their lives in the pursuit of justice and freedom.