Republic Day in Azerbaijan, observed on May 28, marks a pivotal moment in the nation’s history—the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR) in 1918. This day symbolizes the dawn of a new era for the Azerbaijani people, as they embraced the ideals of a secular and democratic state after enduring years of subjugation by neighboring powers, including Iran and the Russian Empire.
The road to independence began in the aftermath of the 1917 Russian Revolution, which ignited a wave of liberation movements across the region. In this context, the National Council of Azerbaijan boldly proclaimed the country’s sovereignty for the first time on May 28, 1918, in what is now Tbilisi, Georgia. This declaration not only established Azerbaijan as the first secular democratic republic in the Islamic world but also marked a groundbreaking achievement in women’s rights, as Azerbaijan became the first Muslim-majority nation to grant women the right to vote.
The Declaration of Independence articulated Azerbaijan’s commitment to freedom and equality for all its citizens, laying the foundation for a progressive and inclusive society. However, this moment of triumph was short-lived; the Republic lasted only twenty-three months before the Red Army invaded on April 28, 1920, leading to a long period of foreign domination that would last for seven decades.
With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the late 20th century, Azerbaijan seized the opportunity to reclaim its independence. In 1992, May 28 was officially designated as Republic Day, serving as a national holiday to honor the legacy of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. This day not only commemorates the past but also reinforces the values of freedom and democracy that Azerbaijan continues to uphold.
Each year, Republic Day is celebrated with a series of ceremonies and events that reflect the pride and resilience of the Azerbaijani people. The main festivities take place in the capital city, Baku, where a grand ceremony is held at the Buta Palace. Here, dignitaries and citizens gather to pay tribute to the republic’s founding principles. A formal ceremony on Istiglaliyyat Street sees Azerbaijan’s top officials laying wreaths at the Republic Monument, honoring the sacrifices made for independence.
Throughout the country, a variety of concerts, parades, and cultural events showcase Azerbaijan’s rich history and heritage. These celebrations not only highlight the achievements of the past but also foster a sense of national unity and pride among the citizens. Schools often take this opportunity to educate students about the significance of Republic Day, ensuring that the values of democracy and independence are instilled in future generations.