Almaty

Almaty, the largest city in Kazakhstan, served as the nation’s capital for nearly 70 years. Today, it is often referred to as the «southern capital,» reflecting its status as a bustling metropolis with an intense economic, social, and cultural life. With a population just shy of 2 million, Almaty is the largest city in Central Asia. In some parts, the city feels European, with its abundance of foreign cars and luxury shops, while in other areas, it exudes an Asian charm, full of lively bazaars and vibrant courtyards.

Nestled in the foothills of the Zailiysky Alatau range, which is part of the greater Tian Shan mountain system, Almaty is blessed with breathtaking views of mountain peaks visible from almost anywhere in the city on a clear day. Situated in the southeastern corner of Kazakhstan, near the borders of China and Kyrgyzstan, the city is cradled by natural beauty. Two rivers, the Big and Small Almatinka, are emblematic of Almaty. Along with several tributaries, canals, reservoirs, and a network of irrigation ditches known as aryks, these water sources are vital in the city’s dry climate.

The territory that Almaty now occupies has been a site of human activity for millennia. Ancient tribes such as the Saka once lived here, and archaeologists have discovered their burial mounds in the surrounding areas and even within the city limits.

The modern history of Almaty began in 1854 when the Russian Empire decided to establish a military fortification in the area, naming it Verny. In 1921, under Soviet rule, Verny was renamed Alma-Ata, a name that harkens back to the area’s historical designation, Almaty. In 1929, the city became the capital of the Kazakh ASSR, which had previously been located in Kyzylorda. By 1936, Alma-Ata had been designated the capital of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic.

Following Kazakhstan’s independence in 1991, Alma-Ata reclaimed its original name, Almaty, and became the capital of the newly independent nation. Although Almaty ceded its capital status to Astana in 1997, the city remains Kazakhstan’s leading center for science, culture, industry, and finance. For visitors to Kazakhstan, Almaty is an essential stop on any itinerary.

Most tourists view Almaty as the starting point for adventures into the stunning surrounding mountains, which offer numerous natural wonders. Travelers come here for active outdoor recreation in the highlands, while also taking time to explore ancient artifacts in the city’s museums and to learn about the rich traditions of Kazakhstan’s nomadic past.